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MITT STUDIEROM
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Where should I start?
Five orientation questions, not a certified CEFR assessment.
1/5 · A1
Jeg ___ i Oslo.
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A2Verbs and tenses
Present perfect: har + participle
Connect a past event or experience to the present.
GRAMMATIKK · BOKMÅL
Present perfect: har + participle
Use har with a past participle for experience, a present result, or a situation continuing from the past. A specific finished time such as i går normally takes the past tense.
The rule, step by step
- Use har and a past participle, not the infinitive: har lest, har spist.
- Use it for experience, a present result, or a continuing duration: har bodd her i tre år.
- Compare Jeg har kjøpt mat with a present result and Jeg kjøpte mat i går with a finished past time.
Sentence pattern
har + lest / spist / bodd
| Bokmål | Meaning or use |
|---|---|
| å lese → har lest | has read |
| å spise → har spist | has eaten |
| å bo → har bodd | has lived |
| kjøpte i går / har kjøpt | Definite past / present connection |
Everyday examples
Example 1
Jeg har lest boka.
I have read the book.
Example 2
Hun har bodd her i tre år.
She has lived here for three years.
Example 3
Vi har ikke spist ennå.
We have not eaten yet.
Example 4
Jeg har lært mange nye ord.
I have learned many new words.
A common error or a difference in meaning
Form to review
Jeg har lese boka.
Correct form for the intended meaning
Jeg har lest boka.
Lese is an infinitive. The required participle after har is lest.
Put the rule into practice
0/3Personal review progress on this device. It does not complete a reading lesson or award XP.
VELG
Choose the form that fits the rule and meaning explained in this lesson.
FYLL INN
Complete the gap using the appropriate form of the given word.
Given word: leseHan har _____ boka.
SETT I REKKEFØLGE
Rebuild the example, starting with “Jeg”: I have read the book.
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